- Ashlar – Rough ashlar, a block of freestone as brought from the quarry. When hammer-dressed it is known as common ashlar. --Knight. (b) In the United States especially, a thin facing of squared and dressed stone upon a wall of rubble or brick. --Knight.

- Aggregate - The mineral materials, such as sand or stone, used in making concrete; Materials that are added to mortar or grout at time of mixing to impart special properties to the mortar or grout

- Angle Iron - A structural steel angle; used for lintels to support masonry over openings, such as doors, windows or fireplaces.

- Basalt - A dense textured (aphanitic) igneous rock relatively high in iron and magnesia minerals and relatively low in silica, generally dark gray to black, and feldspathic. A general term in contradistinction to felsite, a light colored feldspathic and highly siliceous rock or similar texture and origin. The colors of basalts are very dark green to black and often sold as granites, but unlike granites, basalt contains little or no quartz or feldspars.

- Cut Stone – adj. stone hewn or chiseled to shape after having been split from the quarry.

- Dolomite – (1) A white or light-colored mineral, essentially CaMg(CO3)2, used in fertilizer, as a furnace refractory, and as a construction and ceramic material. (2) A magnesia-rich sedimentary rock resembling limestone.

- Field Stone - Loose blocks separated from ledges by natural processes and scattered through or upon the ground cover; applied also to similar transported materials, such as glacial boulders and cobblestones.

- Feldspar - Any group of crystalline minerals, all silicates of aluminum with either potassium, sodium, calcium, or barium. An essential constituent of nearly all crystalline rocks.

- Ferrunginous - Limestone or quartz-based stone (sandstone) containing a high proportion of iron oxide.

- Flagstone (1) A flat slab of stone used as a paving material. (2) An evenly layered sedimentary rock that can be split into paving stones.

- Flint - Dense, fine-grained, naturally occurring form of silica that fractures conchoidally.

- Flintstone - pebbles of flint used in masonry construction

- Gypsum - A hydrated calcium sulfate. It is formed naturally as the result of the reaction of sulfuric acid produced by decomposition of pyrite upon the calcium carbonate of shells existing in clay; a sedimentary rock.

- Hewn Stone - To rough form or shape stone by using mallet and/or chisel.

- Igneous Rock - One of three principle groups of rock that make up the earth’s surface; formed by the solidification of molten matter.

- Keystone - The last wedge-shaped stone placed in the crown of an arch regarded as binding the whole.

- Limestone - n. A rock consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate or carbonate of lime. It sometimes contains also magnesium carbonate, and is then called magnesian or dolomitic limestone. Crystalline limestone is called marble.

- Marble - A metamorphic rock formed by alteration of limestone or dolomite, often irregularly colored by impurities, and used especially in architecture and sculpture.

- Masonry – the trade of a mason; work done by a mason; stonework or brickwork.

Masonry Cement - Cement used in the mortar of block and brick masonry.

- Mortar - Any of various bonding materials used in masonry, surfacing, and plastering, especially a plastic mixture of cement or lime, sand, and water that hardens in place and is used to bind together bricks or stones.

- Natural Stone – adj. Present in or produced by nature. Not altered, treated, or disguised. Generally, natural stone is fetched off the land and used as it is with little or no hewing to give a ‘natural’ look to the structure being built.

- Sandstone - A sedimentary rock formed by the consolidation and compaction of sand and held together by a natural cement, such as silica.

- Stone – (1) a. Concreted earthy or mineral matter; rock. b. Such concreted matter of a particular type. Often used in combination: sandstone; soapstone. (2) A small piece of rock. (3) Rock or a piece of rock shaped or finished for a particular purpose (i.e. for construction.

- Veneer - An outside, non-bearing load wythe of masonry used as a facing material.

- Veneer Stone - Any stone used as a decorative facing material which is not meant to be load bearing.

- Veneer Wall - A non-loadbearing stone wall securely anchored to the back-up wall.